Abstract Scratches are a common continuous structural type of damage in archival films.Scratch pixel level segmentation algorithms still use general image segmentation, and with poor the detection.Based on the characteristics of scratches, a scratch model based on a Gaussian probability density function is proposed, a local adaptive one-dimensional

The first study of modified human remains using an electron microscope was carried out at the end of the 1950 Lap Tray and in 1979 the first result of the study involving a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was published for the first time.The study was mainly focused on the structure of tissues and cells.With the help of this technique cell and t

Clogging during excavation is one of the Treats Bulk common problems in mechanized excavation.Among the influential factors in clogging of the cutter head, we can mention the percentage of fine soil particles (under 200 mesh sieve), soil moisture, and soil type.In this study, to investigate the mechanism of tunnel excavation in the laboratory, a tu

Objectives The construction sector is a very important sector in achieving carbon neutrality.In modern society, construction has grown rapidly, and basic materials such as cement and concrete have contributed greatly to the development of construction.These materials emit a large amount of global warming substances during the raw material extractio

Drum Wheel The traditional visual prosthesis system combines both a camera and a microelectrode array implanted on the visual neural network including retina, optic nerve, and visual cortex.Here, we introduce a new visual prosthesis system in which an artificial retina and optic nerve are demonstrated.The prototype of optic nerve for image transmis